HBOT Safety Measures and Potential Side Effects of Hyperbaric Therapy

During hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), patients inhale pure oxygen in a high-pressure setting. Typically, the chamber's pressure ranges from 1.5 to 3 times higher than standard atmospheric pressure.

HBOT made its debut in the United States in the early 1900s. It was subsequently adopted by undersea medicine experts to treat deep-sea divers with decompression sickness, also known as the bends. 

Today, HBOT is utilized for a variety of conditions, including severe burns and carbon monoxide poisoning. However, as with any medical treatment, there are associated risks.

Our healthcare experts, to keep the procedure transparent, come up with this guide so all the patients have a basic understanding of hyperbaric therapy, risks, and side effects. 

Learn about HBOT safety measures and potential side effects. Discover how to prepare for hyperbaric oxygen therapy and understand the risks involved to ensure a safe and effective treatment.

Hyperbaric Therapy Risks Explained

During HBOT, you lie on a table inside an enclosed chamber where you breathe oxygen while the pressure is gradually increased. The therapy sessions can last anywhere from 60 minutes to 3 hours depending on the medical condition treated. Due to the high pressure, some individuals might experience discomfort, such as ear pain or a popping sensation in the ears.

To avoid oxygen toxicity, short breaks during the therapy to breathe normal air may be necessary. This prevents the body's tissues from absorbing too much oxygen. 

The oxygen dosage for each treatment should be personalized, taking into account your medical history, overall health, and age. This helps minimize the risk of side effects and complications.

Potential symptoms or side effects after HBOT may include fatigue and lightheadedness. More severe issues can include:

Possible severe side effects of HBOT include lung damage, fluid buildup or rupture of the middle ear, sinus damage, and changes in vision that cause nearsightedness or myopia. There is also a risk of oxygen poisoning, which can lead to lung failure, fluid in the lungs, or seizures. 

However, these side effects are generally mild as long as the therapy does not exceed 2 hours and the chamber pressure remains less than three times the normal atmospheric pressure.

Who Should Avoid Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy?

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) isn't suitable for everyone. You should avoid HBOT if you:

• Have specific lung conditions, due to a higher risk of lung collapse

• Are experiencing a collapsed lung

• Have a cold or fever

• Have recently undergone ear surgery or sustained an ear injury

• Are uncomfortable in confined spaces (claustrophobia)

HBOT safety measures: Precautions Alert! 

To minimize the risk of side effects and complications from hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), it's crucial to receive treatment from certified and trained medical professionals. In Chicago, there is a limited number of certified HBOT centers and providers who have adequate training to operate them.

Ensure the healthcare provider overseeing your therapy has specialized training and adequate experience to provide HBOT service.

Potential Side Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) can have several side effects, including:

Claustrophobia

Claustrophobia is an anxiety disorder that triggers an overwhelming and unreasonable fear of confined spaces.

Some Monoplace chambers are small and confined, which can trigger claustrophobia, leading to anxiety or panic attacks. Your healthcare provider may prescribe a mild sedative to help you stay calm during treatments

Middle Ear Injuries

Middle ear injuries can involve damage to the three tiny bones, known as ossicles, which play a crucial role in hearing. Possible injuries in Hyperbaric oxygen therapy include earaches, bleeding in the tensor tympani muscle, fluid buildup in the ears, or eardrum rupture.

Sinus Congestion

Sinus congestion occurs when the sinus cavities in your face become blocked. This can lead to discomfort in your head, including a stuffy nose, pain and pressure in your sinuses. Side effects of Hyperbaric oxygen therapy can be postnasal drainage or a sinus headache.

Temporary Nearsightedness

Temporary nearsightedness, also known as transient myopia, is a condition where distant objects appear blurry for a short period. 

In 20% to 40% of people who undergo at least 20 daily treatments, temporary nearsightedness may occur during HBOT, especially in those with diabetes or over the age of 65. Vision typically returns to normal after treatment ends.

Oxygen Poisoning

Rarely, oxygen toxicity can occur if too much oxygen is inhaled, causing coughing and shortness of breath. In severe cases, it can be fatal.

Seizures

A seizure is a sudden surge of uncontrolled electrical activity between brain cells (neurons), resulting in temporary changes in muscle tone or movements (such as stiffness, twitching, or limpness), behaviours, sensations, or states of awareness.

In rare circumstances, seizures can occur during HBOT, presenting as convulsions, sensory disturbances, and fainting.

Important Note from Lakeshore Hyperbaric Center - Chicago 

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) is a generally safe treatment for many conditions, with side effects typically being mild and temporary. The procedure is so relaxing that many people use the time for calming activities or even sleeping.

While some medical spas and alternative medicine centers offer HBOT for unapproved uses, it is crucial to undergo this therapy only from an experienced healthcare provider for a condition that is officially recognized and approved for treatment.

The Evolution of Hyperbaric Medicine

Hyperbaric medicine, also known as hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), has come a long way over the centuries. While it's a relatively new formal practice, its history goes back more than 350 years. 

The term "hyperbaric" comes from Greek roots: "hyper-" meaning high or beyond, and "baros" meaning weight. This field has seen many advancements and has greatly impacted medical treatments. Let's explore the key events in the history of HBOT and its significance.

Early Beginnings

1662 - The First Hyperbaric Chamber

Hyperbaric medicine began in 1662 when British clergyman Henshaw created the first hyperbaric chamber, called the "domicilium." He is one of the pioneers of HBOT.  This basic structure allowed changes in atmospheric pressure for therapeutic purposes. Henshaw thought varying pressure could treat many ailments, though the scientific understanding was limited.

1774 - Discovery of Oxygen

In 1774, English scientist Joseph Priestley discovered oxygen, marking it as one of the hyperbaric therapy milestones. His discovery laid the groundwork for understanding the therapeutic potential of oxygen in medical treatments. While the connection between oxygen and hyperbaric therapy wasn't immediate, Priestley's work was crucial for advancing respiratory physiology.

Advancements in the 19th Century

1830s - Copper Sphere Hyperbaric Chamber

In the 1830s, Junod and Fabare built a copper sphere hyperbaric chamber in France. This chamber could reach pressures of 2–4 atmospheres (atm). They believed increased pressure enhanced oxygen delivery to tissues, though the precise mechanisms were still being studied.

1859 - First Recorded Death from Decompression Sickness

Understanding pressure-related conditions also grew during this time. In 1859, the first recorded death from decompression sickness, or "the bends," occurred. This condition was a major concern for divers and workers in pressurized environments. This tragic event highlighted the need for effective treatments, eventually leading to the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy.The Rise of Hyperbaric Medicine in North America

1860 - First Hyperbaric Chamber in North America

In 1860, hyperbaric chambers made their way to North America for medical purposes. This marked the beginning of formal hyperbaric medicine practices in the region, paving the way for further research and applications of hyperbaric therapy.

20th Century Breakthroughs

1937 - Treating Decompression Sickness

In 1937, Behnke and Shaw successfully used hyperbaric oxygen to treat decompression sickness. This was the first effective use of HBOT for a specific medical condition, showing its potential in treating pressure-related ailments.

Their work laid the foundation for modern hyperbaric medicine, proving the effectiveness of oxygen therapy under increased pressure.

1955 - Improving Radiation Therapy and Cardiac Surgery

In 1955, Churchill-Davidson used hyperbaric oxygen therapy to enhance radiation therapy for cancer patients. By increasing oxygen levels in tumors, he aimed to improve radiation treatment effectiveness. This innovative approach showed the potential of HBOT in oncology.

At the same time, Boerema used hyperbaric oxygen therapy to extend the time of circulatory arrest during cardiac surgery. By providing oxygen-rich environments, he could prolong tissue viability during surgery, reducing complications. These pioneering applications showcased the versatility of hyperbaric medicine in various medical fields.

Modern Applications and Future Directions in Hyperbaric Medicine

Today, hyperbaric medicine continues to grow, and the research work on it is never paused. This treatment has the potential to treat many conditions like chronic wounds, infections, sports injuries and neurological disorders just to name a few. 

HBOT works as a catalyst for healing and improving patient outcomes. Progress in hyperbaric chamber technology and greater insight into how oxygen therapy works have widened its applications.

Conclusion

The history of hyperbaric medicine highlights the strength of scientific discovery and HBOT technology evolution. Starting with Henshaw and Priestley's early experiments, through to the pioneering work of Behnke, Shaw, Churchill-Davidson, and Boerema, hyperbaric medicine has changed the way medical treatments used to be. 

 With ongoing research finding new uses and refining existing methods, hyperbaric medicine remains a hopeful discipline with the capacity to improve many lives.

What to Expect During an HBOT Session: All Your Questions Answered!

Have you been prescribed hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and are curious about what to expect during the HBOT Session?  This non-invasive treatment, delivered in a pressurized chamber, can feel intimidating if you don't know what to anticipate.  

But fear not!  This blog post will be your guide, walking you through everything from pre-treatment prep to what happens inside the chamber itself.  Get ready to breathe easy and learn what to expect during your Hyperbaric oxygen therapy process!

What happens during HBOT Session?

During HBOT, patients breathe 100% oxygen while being subjected to increased atmospheric pressure. This pressurized environment stimulates the body's natural healing mechanisms. The therapy helps in the growth of new blood vessels, enhances wound healing, and fights infections by promoting better oxygen delivery to tissues. 

HBOT Treatment Procedure

Preparation and Entry

Before entering the chamber, patients are advised to shower and avoid applying any lotions, makeup, hair products, or perfume/cologne. This ensures the environment within the chamber remains safe and free from potential contaminants that could cause sparks or static.

Inside the Chamber

Upon entering the chamber, patients will experience a gradual pressurization. This phase generally lasts about 10-15 minutes. As the pressure increases, a "fullness" or pressure buildup in the ears is common, similar to the sensation experienced during a flight or diving underwater. 

A technician will guide you on how to relieve this pressure using techniques like swallowing, taking sips of water, or performing the Valsalva maneuver (pinching your nose and gently blowing).

During the Session

Once the chamber reaches the prescribed pressure, the ear pressure sensation will subside, and patients should feel comfortable. The treatment typically lasts about two hours. During this time, you can watch television, listen to music, sleep, or simply relax. 

Communication with the therapist is maintained through a telephone system, allowing you to speak normally and request assistance if needed.

Decompression

At the end of the session, the pressure is gradually reduced over 10-15 minutes. During this decompression phase, a popping sensation in the ears is normal as the pressure equalizes. This process is generally comfortable and marks the conclusion of the therapy.

Potential Sensations and After-effectsEar Sensations

While undergoing HBOT, the primary sensation involves ear pressure, which is manageable with the techniques provided by the therapist. Some patients might experience a cracking sensation in their ears between treatments, which can be alleviated similarly. If the cracking persists, it's important to inform the staff..

Light-headedness

A few patients report feeling light-headed for a short period following the treatment, but this sensation typically passes quickly, allowing them to resume normal activities.

Rare Side Effects

Though rare, there are potential side effects associated with HBOT, such as lung or ear trauma. These risks are minimized through gradual pressure adjustments and proper coaching on ear-clearing techniques. The detailed risks and benefits will be discussed with you before signing the "Consent for Treatment" form.

Common Questions and Concerns Regarding HBOT Session

Bringing Personal Items

Personal electronic devices and paper are not permitted inside the hyperbaric chamber due to safety concerns. However, you can take a nap, watch TV, or listen to music during the session.

Claustrophobia

For those with claustrophobia, the possibility of discomfort is discussed before therapy. If you experience severe anxiety inside the chamber, the therapist can bring you out. Glass chambers help reduce the feeling of confinement, and therapists provide strategies to manage anxiety.

Canceling a Session

There are certain conditions under which you should cancel your HBOT session, such as recent ear or eye surgery, sinus or upper respiratory infections, ear infections, or low blood sugar. 

Many implanted devices are HBOT compatible but it must be confirmed by your device manufacturer. Always consult with your facility to verify if you should proceed with the treatment.

Bathroom Needs

Patients are encouraged to use the bathroom before the therapy session.

Eating and Drinking

It's advisable to eat a light meal 1 to 2 hours before your therapy session and avoid carbonated beverages and caffeine for at least four hours beforehand. This helps prevent nausea, which some patients may experience during the session. If vomiting is a concern, inform your therapist, who can provide an emesis container.

Conclusion

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy is a beneficial treatment for various medical conditions, promoting faster healing and better oxygen delivery to tissues. By understanding the process, sensations, and after-effects, patients can prepare themselves for a comfortable and effective therapy session. Always communicate with your therapist and follow the guidelines to ensure a safe and beneficial HBOT session experience.